Yuliya, your words echo despair. Perhaps it is a temporary phase from which you will recover and move forward.

It is true that members of the EU provide a visa to relieve the circumstances of an abused spouse. It is not easy to claim that circumstance without substantial evidence, and you would not qualify because you have no evidence of violent contact. And even if the visa is granted, life can be more difficult because the person is in a temporary home of reduced quality and reliant upon welfare, and even more isolated. In the lowest of employment, it can be a struggle to even attend the cinema. The path to permanent residence is five years and the circumstances compare in such a way that returning to Russia can be an improvement.

It is natural that your daughter reacts with hysteria. People in this age abhor the burden of being displaced, even if there is an improvement. Teenagers have their formative years and need stability.  It is not realistic to expect a different reaction than hysteria.

For the woman who leaves Russia and enters western society there is no path forward without two things: language and mobility. From language comes mobility. Without these your life will be inert and always vulnerable to reliance upon your partner. In your short explanation, you have neither of these. If you conclude that language is a permanent obstruction, then integration will not be possible, and your decision reduces to a very simple question: how much to sacrifice for your daughter. And this question  is delicately balanced upon which advantage your daughter can achieve.